The increasing competitiveness and critical role of battery energy storage assets in supporting the decarbonization and resilience of the electricity system means that opportunities for energy storage will continue to develop for many years. Continued support from utility regulators and operators are enabling energy storage to realize its enormous potential. Falling prices have made battery energy storage competitive for many applications both on and off the grid.
There are different application characteristics, which underscore the need for different batteries and battery technologies. This advanced battery storage course will provide an in-depth overview of the various types of batteries and address things to consider such as battery characteristics, projected life, performance, and costs. It will include battery storage applications, utility scale implementations, safety, design considerations, use cases, end-of-life options, and the future of storage.
Learning Outcomes
- Identify the various types of long duration batteries
- Discuss different battery chemistry characteristics
- Discuss the safety hazards to consider
- Identify the major components in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
- Discuss the different battery storage applications
- Review various battery storage use cases
- Examine the advantages and disadvantages of AC/DC coupled systems
- Review end of life options for batteries
- Discuss the future of energy storage
TUESDAY, JUNE 21, 2022
9:00 a.m. – 4:45 p.m. Central Time
9:00 – 9:15 a.m. :: Opening Announcements
Long Duration Batteries
- Battery chemistry
- Matching the chemistry to the application
- Characteristics
- Charge rates
- Diversity of chemistry – 200 + and counting (periodic table illustration)
- How it works
- Potential failure mechanisms
- Lithium-ion BESS
- How they work
- Family of chemistries – all with different characteristics
- Flow batteries
- Redux
- Plating
- Organic and others
- Other choices in batteries
- Advanced lead-based batteries
- Sodium, fluorine, etc.
- Design considerations
- Common characteristics
- Projected life
- Performance
- Safety
- Battery scorecards
- NEC 855
- IEEE 1547 and UL 1741
- UL9540 and 9540A
- Fire protection systems
- Navigating the safety standards
- Industry lessons learned
- Major components in a BESS
- A visual walk thru a typical BESS
- Physical batteries (e.g. Li-ion)
- Flow battery
- Batteries
- Environmental systems (HVAC, etc.)
- Fire suppression
- Inverters
- Step-up transformers
- Secondary containment
- Controllers
- Housings
- Battery management system
- Energy management systems
- Market participation systems
- Substation
4:30 p.m. :: Program Adjourns for Day
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 22, 2022
9:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. Central Time
Battery Storage Applications
- Top 10 use cases (what they require from a battery)
- Wholesale energy market
- Distribution energy market
- Utility operation
- Renewable locations (e.g. Solar+Storage)
- Residential
- EV charging
- Critical facilities
- Other
Building a Business Case
- Typical benefit categories
- Regional differences
- PJM
- ERCOT
- CAISO
- Other regions
Costs
- Initial capital costs
- Soft costs of initial placement (e.g. design, permits, etc.)
- Interconnection
- Typical timeline
- Steps in the process
- Studies to perform prior to considering an ESS
- Operations & maintenance
- Key issues
- Augmentation
- Replacement
- Other costs
Utility Scale Implementation
- Lessons learned
- Dealing with startups
- Hidden factors
- Fire protection
- Public perception
- Construction issues
- Addressing local constraints and systems
- How to avoid impacting end users
System resiliency
AC/DC coupled systems
- Difference in efficiency
- Lower losses
- DC coupled to generation
- DC coupled to DC loads
Design considerations
- Li-ion and other “square” batteries
- Flow batteries
Implementation
- Typical work plan at a high level
- Typical timelines
- Case studies
Operational risks
Conducting Inspections and Maintenance
- Service agreements
- O&M agreement challenges
Refurbishing and/or Decommissioning
- Recycling industry
- The process
- Li-ion decommissioning
- Planning for disposal
- Environmental considerations
- Recyclability
- Regulatory framework
- Decommissioning
The Future of Battery Storage
- What’s next
- Research and development
- Solid state batteries, Lithium sulfur
- Flow battery outlook
4:30 p.m. :: Program Adjourns