The COVID-19 impact on global economies and industries will still be felt for a long time even though life has started to return to some sense of normalcy. However, the increasing competitiveness and critical role of battery energy storage assets in supporting the decarbonization and resilience of the electricity system means that opportunities for energy storage continue to develop despite the turmoil caused by the pandemic.
Utility regulators and operators are rebuilding the bulk power system to make it more resilient and better able to accommodate higher penetration levels of variable renewable generation. One of the prime movers in this energy transformation is the rapid advancement of battery storage technologies. There are different application characteristics, which underscore the need for different batteries and battery technologies. Some chemistries or technologies are better suited for short-duration power applications, whereas others are better suited for long duration energy applications so no one battery is the ideal tool for all applications.
This advanced course will provide an in-depth overview of the various types of long duration batteries and address things you need to consider such as battery characteristics, projected life, performance, and costs. This course also covers battery storage applications, utility scale implementations, safety, design considerations, use cases, system resiliency and the future of storage.
Learning Outcomes
- Review battery storage and other types of storage
- Identify the various types of long duration batteries
- Discuss different battery chemistry characteristics and matching the chemistry to the application
- Discuss navigating the safety hazards for batteries including fire suppression systems
- Identify the major components in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
- Review the different battery storage applications including frequency regulation
- Discuss various battery storage use cases
- Discuss constraints and systems for utility scale implementations
- Examine AC/DC coupled systems, what they do and advantages/disadvantages
- Identify and mitigate energy storage design
- Discuss the future of energy storage
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2021
9:15 a.m. – 4:45 p.m. Central Time
Energy Storage Overview
- History
- Energy storage comparison
- Compressed air
- Liquid air
- Super capacitors
- Flywheels
- SMES
Battery market
Long Duration Batteries
- Battery chemistry
- Matching the chemistry to the application
- Characteristics
- Charge rates
- Diversity of chemistry – 200 + and counting (periodic table illustration)
- How it works
- Potential failure mechanisms
- Lithium-ion BESS
- How they work
- Family of chemistries – all with different characteristics
- Flow batteries
- Redux
- Plating
- Organic and others
- Other choices in batteries
- Advanced lead-based batteries
- Sodium, fluorine, etc.
- Design considerations
- Common characteristics
- Projected life
- Performance
- Safety
- Battery scorecards
- NEC 855
- IEEE 1547 and UL 1741
- UL9540 and 9540A
- Fire protection systems
- Navigating the safety standards
- Industry lessons learned
- Major components in a BESS
- A visual walk thru a typical BESS
- Physical batteries (e.g. Li-ion)
- Flow battery
- Batteries
- Environmental systems (HVAC, etc.)
- Fire suppression
- Inverters
- Step-up transformers
- Secondary containment
- Controllers
- Housings
- Battery management system
- Energy management systems
- Market participation systems
- Substation
4:45 p.m. :: Program Adjourns for Day
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 15, 2021
9:00 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. Central
Battery Storage Use cases
- Top 10 use cases (what they require from a battery)
- Wholesale energy market
- Distribution energy market
- Utility operation
- Renewable locations (e.g. Solar+Storage)
- Residential
- EV charging
- Critical facilities
- Other
Building a Business Case
- Typical benefit categories
- Regional differences
- PJM
- ERCOT
- CAISO
- Other regions
Costs
- Initial capital costs
- Soft costs of initial placement (e.g. design, permits, etc.)
- Interconnection
- Typical timeline
- Steps in the process
- Studies to perform prior to considering an ESS
- Operations & maintenance
- Key issues
- Augmentation
- Replacement
- Other costs
Utility Scale Implementation
- Lessons learned
- Dealing with startups
- Hidden factors
- Fire protection
- Public perception
- Construction issues
- Addressing local constraints and systems
- How to avoid impacting end users
System resiliency
AC/DC coupled systems
- Difference in efficiency
- Lower losses
- DC coupled to generation
- DC coupled to DC loads
Design considerations
- Li-Ion and other “square” batteries
- Flow batteries
Implementation
- Typical work plan at a high level
- Typical timelines
Operational risks
Conducting Inspections and Maintenance
Refurbishing and/or Decommissioning
- Environmental considerations
- Recycling
Contracting Strategies
The Future of Battery Storage
4:30 p.m. :: Program Adjourns